Those strange filaments are background
galaxies. Gravity bends light, allowing huge clusters of galaxies
to act as telescopes, and distorting images of background galaxies
into elongated strands. Almost all of the bright objects in this
Hubble Space Telescope image are galaxies in the cluster known as Abell 2218. The cluster is so massive and so compact that its
gravity bends and focuses the light from galaxies that lie behind
it. As a result, multiple images of these background galaxies are
distorted into long faint arcs -- a simple lensing effect analogous
to viewing distant street lamps through a glass of wine. The cluster
of galaxies Abell 2218 is itself about three billion light-years
away in the northern constellation of the Dragon (Draco).